Joshua
Chapter 1
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Leningrad Codex, through the Open Scriptures Westminster Leningrad Codex. The written consonants are printed. A Masoretic reading is footnoted when it differs. No Dead Sea reading was substituted unless it was read from a fragment. The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions are witnesses, not the default.
A dotted word is a harder one. Point at it, or tap it, for a short definition.
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- Process
No published English Bible, commentary, or study note was open while Joshua was drafted. The wording source was the ancient-language witnesses named in the notes. A lexicon or grammar may be used for a source word. Greek, Syriac, and Latin, when they appear, witness the source wording. They are not models for the English.
- Text
The continuous copy is the Leningrad Codex, read in the Open Scriptures diplomatic text of the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Dead Sea copies of Joshua are fragmentary. This draft does not replace Leningrad with a reading that was not read off a fragment. No earlier wording is guessed into the English. The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions are witnesses, not the default. Written consonants are printed. Where the Masoretic reading differs, the note says so.
- Translation
Yahweh prints the divine name. The consonants in the Hebrew are YHWH. The vowels in “Yahweh” are a later convention, not a record of how the oldest copies said the name. See the glossary.
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- Translation
Mevo ha-shemesh is where the sun goes in, the west side.
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- Translation
Torah is instruction.
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- Translation
Hagah is to murmur a text, to turn it over in a low voice.
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- Translation
YHWH Elohim is printed Yahweh God. Yahweh is the name. God is Elohim. A suffix makes it “our God” or “your God.” See the glossary.
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- Translation
Chamushim is drawn up in battle lines. Gibbore ha-chayil are warriors of worth.