Leviticus

Chapter 11

Choose chapter (11 selected)

Leningrad Codex, through the Open Scriptures Westminster Leningrad Codex. The written consonants are printed. A Masoretic reading is footnoted when it differs. No Dead Sea reading was substituted unless it was read from a fragment. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions are witnesses, not the default.

A dotted word is a harder one. Point at it, or tap it, for a short definition.

1Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them,

2Speak to the sons of Israel: This is the living thing that you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

3Everything that has a hoof split in two, a cleft that divides the hooves, and that brings up the cud, among the animals, that one you may eat.

Notes (1)

Translation
Mafreseth parsah is a divided hoof. Shosa’at shesa is a cleft split through. Ma’alat gerah is bringing up the cud.

4But this you shall not eat, from those that bring up the cud and from those that have a divided hoof: the camel, because it brings up the cud and its hoof is not divided. It is unclean for you.

5The rock-badger, because it brings up the cud and the hoof it does not divide. It is unclean for you.

Notes (1)

Translation
Shafan is the rock-badger, the animal of the rocks. A modern species name is not added.

6The hare, because it brings up the cud and the hoof it does not divide. It is unclean for you.

Notes (1)

Translation
Arnevet is the hare. The Hebrew does not distinguish a rabbit from a hare, and no second animal is added.

7The pig, because it has a divided hoof, a cleft that splits the hoof, and it does not bring up the cud. It is unclean for you.

8From their meat you shall not eat, and their carcass you shall not touch. They are unclean for you.

9This you may eat from everything that is in the water: everything that has fin and scale in the water, in the seas and in the streams, those you may eat.

10Everything that does not have fin and scale, in the seas and in the streams, from every swarmer of the water and from every living creature that is in the water, they are detestable for you.

11They shall be detestable for you. From their meat you shall not eat, and their carcass you shall treat as detestable.

12Everything in the water that does not have fin and scale is detestable for you.

13These you shall treat as detestable among the birds. They shall not be eaten. They are detestable: the eagle, the bone-breaker, and the black-vulture,

Notes (1)

Translation
The bird names in verses 13 through 19 are working English for the Hebrew names. Nesher is the eagle. Peres is the bone-breaker. Ozniyyah is printed “black-vulture” as a working name. Several of the names that follow are not securely identified, and no modern species is added beyond the working name.

14the kite, and the falcon after its kind,

15every raven after its kind,

16the ostrich, the tachmas, the shachaf, and the hawk after its kinds,

17the kos, the shalakh, and the yanshuf,

18the tinshemet, the qa’at, and the racham,

19the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

Notes (1)

Translation
Chasidah is the stork. Anafah is the heron. Dukhifat is the hoopoe. Atallef is the bat. The names left in Hebrew in verses 16 through 18 are not given a species.

20Every swarmer of flying things that walks on all fours is detestable for you.

21But this you may eat from every swarmer of flying things that walks on all fours: what does not have jointed legs above its feet, to leap with them on the earth.

Notes (1)

Text
The written consonants are לא, “not.” The Masoretic reading is לו, “to it,” so the line is read as “which has jointed legs to it.” The written “not” is printed. No manuscript was read to replace it.

22These of them you may eat: the locust after its kind, the sol’am after its kind, the chargol after its kind, and the chagav after its kind.

Notes (1)

Translation
Arbeh is the locust. Sol’am, chargol, and chagav are the other three names. They are not given a modern species.

23Every swarmer of flying things that has four feet is detestable for you.

24By these you shall become unclean. Everyone who touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

25Everyone who carries any of their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

26For every animal that has a divided hoof but the cleft is not split through, and that does not bring up the cud, they are unclean for you. Everyone who touches them shall be unclean.

27Everything that walks on its paws, among every living thing that walks on all fours, they are unclean for you. Everyone who touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

28The one who carries their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. They are unclean for you.

29This is unclean for you among the swarmers that swarm on the earth: the choled, the mouse, and the tzav after its kind,

Notes (1)

Translation
Akhbar is the mouse. Choled and tzav, and the five names in the next verse, are the Hebrew names. They are not given a modern species.

30the anaqah, the koach, the leta’ah, the chomet, and the tinshemet.

31These are the unclean for you among all the swarmers. Everyone who touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

32Anything on which one of them falls when they are dead shall be unclean, whether any wooden utensil, or clothing, or skin, or sack, any utensil with which work is done. It shall be put in water and be unclean until evening, and then it is clean.

33Any clay pot into which one of them falls, whatever is inside it shall be unclean, and you shall break it.

34Any food that may be eaten, if water comes on it, shall be unclean. Any drink that may be drunk, in any pot, shall be unclean.

35Anything on which any of their carcass falls shall be unclean. An oven or a stove shall be broken down. They are unclean, and they shall be unclean for you.

36A spring or a cistern collecting water shall be clean, but whatever touches their carcass shall be unclean.

Notes (1)

Translation
Miqveh mayim is a collection of water, a cistern that gathers water. The spring and the cistern stay clean. The person or thing that touches the carcass does not.

37If any of their carcass falls on any seed for sowing that is to be sown, it is clean.

38If water is put on the seed and any of their carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

39If any animal that is food for you dies, the one who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

40The one who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening, and the one who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

41Every swarmer that swarms on the earth is detestable. It shall not be eaten.

42Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, up to whatever has many feet, every swarmer that swarms on the earth, you shall not eat them, because they are detestable.

Notes (1)

Text
Gachon is the belly. Leningrad writes an enlarged vav in that word. The word is printed. The enlarged letter is not given an extra meaning.

43Do not make yourselves detestable with any swarmer that swarms, and you shall not make yourselves unclean with them, and become unclean by them.

44Because I am Yahweh your God, you shall set yourselves apart and be holy, because I am holy. You shall not make yourselves unclean with any swarmer that creeps on the earth.

45Because I am Yahweh, who brought you up from the land of Egypt to be God for you. You shall be holy, because I am holy.

46This is the instruction for the animal and the bird and every living creature that moves in the water, and for every creature that swarms on the earth,

47to make a separation between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that shall not be eaten.

Leviticus

Chapter 11

A dotted word is a harder one. Point at it, or tap it, for a short definition.

1Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them,

2Speak to the sons of Israel: This is the living thing that you may eat from all the animals that are on the earth.

3Everything that has a hoof split in two, a cleft that divides the hooves, and that brings up the cud, among the animals, that one you may eat.

Notes (1)

Translation
Mafreseth parsah is a divided hoof. Shosa’at shesa is a cleft split through. Ma’alat gerah is bringing up the cud.

4But this you shall not eat, from those that bring up the cud and from those that have a divided hoof: the camel, because it brings up the cud and its hoof is not divided. It is unclean for you.

5The rock-badger, because it brings up the cud and the hoof it does not divide. It is unclean for you.

Notes (1)

Translation
Shafan is the rock-badger, the animal of the rocks. A modern species name is not added.

6The hare, because it brings up the cud and the hoof it does not divide. It is unclean for you.

Notes (1)

Translation
Arnevet is the hare. The Hebrew does not distinguish a rabbit from a hare, and no second animal is added.

7The pig, because it has a divided hoof, a cleft that splits the hoof, and it does not bring up the cud. It is unclean for you.

8From their meat you shall not eat, and their carcass you shall not touch. They are unclean for you.

9This you may eat from everything that is in the water: everything that has fin and scale in the water, in the seas and in the streams, those you may eat.

10Everything that does not have fin and scale, in the seas and in the streams, from every swarmer of the water and from every living creature that is in the water, they are detestable for you.

11They shall be detestable for you. From their meat you shall not eat, and their carcass you shall treat as detestable.

12Everything in the water that does not have fin and scale is detestable for you.

13These you shall treat as detestable among the birds. They shall not be eaten. They are detestable: the eagle, the bone-breaker, and the black-vulture,

Notes (1)

Translation
The bird names in verses 13 through 19 are working English for the Hebrew names. Nesher is the eagle. Peres is the bone-breaker. Ozniyyah is printed “black-vulture” as a working name. Several of the names that follow are not securely identified, and no modern species is added beyond the working name.

14the kite, and the falcon after its kind,

15every raven after its kind,

16the ostrich, the tachmas, the shachaf, and the hawk after its kinds,

17the kos, the shalakh, and the yanshuf,

18the tinshemet, the qa’at, and the racham,

19the stork, the heron after its kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

Notes (1)

Translation
Chasidah is the stork. Anafah is the heron. Dukhifat is the hoopoe. Atallef is the bat. The names left in Hebrew in verses 16 through 18 are not given a species.

20Every swarmer of flying things that walks on all fours is detestable for you.

21But this you may eat from every swarmer of flying things that walks on all fours: what does not have jointed legs above its feet, to leap with them on the earth.

Notes (1)

Text
The written consonants are לא, “not.” The Masoretic reading is לו, “to it,” so the line is read as “which has jointed legs to it.” The written “not” is printed. No manuscript was read to replace it.

22These of them you may eat: the locust after its kind, the sol’am after its kind, the chargol after its kind, and the chagav after its kind.

Notes (1)

Translation
Arbeh is the locust. Sol’am, chargol, and chagav are the other three names. They are not given a modern species.

23Every swarmer of flying things that has four feet is detestable for you.

24By these you shall become unclean. Everyone who touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

25Everyone who carries any of their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

26For every animal that has a divided hoof but the cleft is not split through, and that does not bring up the cud, they are unclean for you. Everyone who touches them shall be unclean.

27Everything that walks on its paws, among every living thing that walks on all fours, they are unclean for you. Everyone who touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

28The one who carries their carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. They are unclean for you.

29This is unclean for you among the swarmers that swarm on the earth: the choled, the mouse, and the tzav after its kind,

Notes (1)

Translation
Akhbar is the mouse. Choled and tzav, and the five names in the next verse, are the Hebrew names. They are not given a modern species.

30the anaqah, the koach, the leta’ah, the chomet, and the tinshemet.

31These are the unclean for you among all the swarmers. Everyone who touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until evening.

33Any clay pot into which one of them falls, whatever is inside it shall be unclean, and you shall break it.

34Any food that may be eaten, if water comes on it, shall be unclean. Any drink that may be drunk, in any pot, shall be unclean.

35Anything on which any of their carcass falls shall be unclean. An oven or a stove shall be broken down. They are unclean, and they shall be unclean for you.

36A spring or a cistern collecting water shall be clean, but whatever touches their carcass shall be unclean.

Notes (1)

Translation
Miqveh mayim is a collection of water, a cistern that gathers water. The spring and the cistern stay clean. The person or thing that touches the carcass does not.

37If any of their carcass falls on any seed for sowing that is to be sown, it is clean.

38If water is put on the seed and any of their carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

39If any animal that is food for you dies, the one who touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

40The one who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening, and the one who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening.

41Every swarmer that swarms on the earth is detestable. It shall not be eaten.

42Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, up to whatever has many feet, every swarmer that swarms on the earth, you shall not eat them, because they are detestable.

Notes (1)

Text
Gachon is the belly. Leningrad writes an enlarged vav in that word. The word is printed. The enlarged letter is not given an extra meaning.

43Do not make yourselves detestable with any swarmer that swarms, and you shall not make yourselves unclean with them, and become unclean by them.

44Because I am Yahweh your God, you shall set yourselves apart and be holy, because I am holy. You shall not make yourselves unclean with any swarmer that creeps on the earth.

45Because I am Yahweh, who brought you up from the land of Egypt to be God for you. You shall be holy, because I am holy.

46This is the instruction for the animal and the bird and every living creature that moves in the water, and for every creature that swarms on the earth,

47to make a separation between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that shall not be eaten.