Exodus
Chapter 8
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Leningrad Codex, through the Open Scriptures Westminster Leningrad Codex. The written consonants are printed. A Masoretic reading is footnoted when it differs. No Dead Sea reading was substituted unless it was read from a fragment. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions are witnesses, not the default.
A dotted word is a harder one. Point at it, or tap it, for a short definition.
1God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. says: Send my people away, so they can serve me.
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In Leningrad this speech is still chapter 7. The frogs begin at verse 26. The chapter is not split to match a later English break.
2If you refuse to send them away, look, I am going to strike all your territory with frogs.
3The Nile will swarm with frogs. They will come up and enter your house, your bedroom, and your bed, and the houses of your servants, and your people, and your ovens, and your kneading bowls.
4The frogs will come up on you, and on your people, and on all your servants.’”
5God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the Nile-channels, and over the pools, and bring the frogs up over the land of Egypt.’”
6Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt.
7The magicians did the same with their secret arts, and they brought frogs up over the land of Egypt.
8Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Plead with God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary., and let him take the frogs away from me and from my people, and I will send the people away, so they can sacrifice to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary..”
9Moses said to Pharaoh, “Have the honor over me. For when shall I plead for you, and for your servants, and for your people, to cut the frogs off from you and from your houses? They will remain only in the Nile.”
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Hitpa’er alai is “take the glory over me,” “you set the time.” “Have the honor over me” is printed.
10He said, “Tomorrow.” He said, “As you say, so that you know that there is no one like God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. our God.
11The frogs will turn aside from you, from your houses, from your servants, and from your people. They will remain only in the Nile.”
12Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh. Moses cried out to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. about the frogs that he had set on Pharaoh.
13God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. did as Moses said. The frogs died out of the houses, out of the courtyards, and out of the fields.
14They piled them in heaps and heaps, and the land stank.
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Chomarim chomarim is heap upon heap. The doubling is printed.
15Pharaoh saw that there was relief, and he made his heart heavy, and he did not listen to them, as God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. had said.
16God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the land, and it will become gnats in all the land of Egypt.’”
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Kinnim is not a settled species. “Gnats” is printed. “Lice” is the live alternative. The Hebrew does not decide between them.
17They did so. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the land, and the gnats were on humans and on animals. All the dust of the land became gnats in all the land of Egypt.
18The magicians did the same with their secret arts, to bring out the gnats, and they could not. The gnats were on humans and on animals.
19The magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.” Pharaoh’s heart was strong, and he did not listen to them, as God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. had said.
20God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and station yourself before Pharaoh. Look, he is going out to the water. Say to him, ‘This is what God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. says: Send my people away, so they can serve me.
21If you do not send my people away, look, I am sending the swarm on you, on your servants, on your people, and on your houses. The houses of Egypt will be filled with the swarm, and the ground they stand on too.
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Arov is a swarm. The species is not named. “Flies” is a later identification and is not printed as if the Hebrew had said it.
22On that day I will set apart the land of Goshen, where my people stand, so that no swarm will be there, so that you know that I am God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. in the midst of the land.
23I will set a Buying a person or land back. between my people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will happen.’”
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Pedut is a ransom, a buying-free. Here it is the separation between the two peoples. “A distinction” is the live alternative. “Redemption” keeps the word.
24God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. did so. A heavy swarm came into Pharaoh’s house, and the houses of his servants, and all the land of Egypt. The land was ruined because of the swarm.
25Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God in the land.”
26Moses said, “It is not right to do so, because we would sacrifice to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. our God what Egypt abominates. If we sacrifice what Egypt abominates before their eyes, will they not stone us?
27We will go a three-day journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. our God, as he says to us.”
28Pharaoh said, “I will send you away, and you will sacrifice to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. your God in the wilderness. Only do not go far. Plead for me.”
29Moses said, “Look, I am leaving you, and I will plead with God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary., and the swarm will turn aside from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people tomorrow. Only let Pharaoh not go on mocking, and not send the people away to sacrifice to God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary..”
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The last clause is as written: do not add mockery to the refusal to send them. The sentence is compressed in the Hebrew, and it is not expanded.
30Moses went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary..
31God’s own name. The Hebrew writes YHWH. See the glossary. did as Moses said. He took the swarm away from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. Not one remained.
32Pharaoh made his heart heavy this time too, and he did not send the people away.