Chapter 25
Drafted by Grok 4.7 on 8 October 2026. First draft. Not independently reviewed. Leningrad Codex, through the Open Scriptures Westminster Leningrad Codex. The written consonants are printed. A Masoretic reading is footnoted when it differs. No Dead Sea reading was substituted unless it was read from a fragment. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions are witnesses, not the default.
1Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah.
2She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
3Jokshan fathered Sheba and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were the Asshurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim.
4The sons of Midian: Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah.
5Abraham gave everything he had to Isaac.
6To the sons of the concubines Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and while he was still alive he sent them away from Isaac his son, eastward, to the land of the east.
7These are the days of the years of Abraham’s life that he lived: one hundred and seventy-five years.
8Abraham breathed his last and died at a good old age, old and satisfied, and he was gathered to his people.
9Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron son of Zohar the Hittite, facing Mamre,
10the field Abraham had bought from the Hittites. There Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife.
11After the death of Abraham, God blessed Isaac his son, and Isaac lived at Beer-lahai-roi.
12These are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s servant, bore to Abraham.
13These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: Nebaioth, the firstborn of Ishmael, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam,
14Mishma, Dumah, Massa,
15Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
16These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names by their villages and by their encampments: twelve princes by their peoples.
17These are the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred and thirty-seven years. He breathed his last and died, and he was gathered to his people.
18They lived from Havilah to Shur, which is east of Egypt as you go toward Asshur. He settled in the face of all his brothers.
19These are the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son. Abraham fathered Isaac.
20Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, the sister of Laban the Aramean, as his wife.
21Isaac prayed to Yahweh for his wife, because she was barren. Yahweh was prevailed upon by him, and Rebekah his wife conceived.
22The children crushed each other inside her, and she said, “If it is like this, why am I like this?” She went to inquire of Yahweh.
23Yahweh said to her, “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples will be divided from your body. One people will be stronger than the other people, and the older will serve the younger.”
Notes (1)Hide notes
- Text
Leningrad writes goyim with a yod where the Masoretic reading has a vav, goyim, “nations.” The word is the same. The written spelling is what the consonants show, and the English is “nations” either way.
24Her days to give birth were completed, and look, twins were in her womb.
25The first came out red, all of him like a hairy cloak, and they named him Esau.
26Afterward his brother came out, his hand holding Esau’s heel, and his name was called Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them.
Notes (1)Hide notes
- Translation
Jacob is Yaaqov, next to aqev, “heel.” The sentence says he was holding the heel. The name keeps that.
27The boys grew up. Esau was a man who knew the hunt, a man of the field. Jacob was a quiet man, staying by the tents.
28Isaac loved Esau because he had a taste for game, and Rebekah loved Jacob.
29Jacob was cooking a stew, and Esau came in from the field, and he was exhausted.
30Esau said to Jacob, “Please let me gulp down some of that red stuff, that red stuff, for I am exhausted.” Therefore his name was called Edom.
Notes (1)Hide notes
- Translation
Edom sits next to adom, “red.” Esau asks for the red stew. The name is explained by the color, not by a later nation-story.
31Jacob said, “Sell me your birthright, as of today.”
32Esau said, “Look, I am going to die. What is this birthright to me?”
33Jacob said, “Swear to me, as of today.” He swore to him and sold his birthright to Jacob.
34Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew. He ate, he drank, he got up, and he went. Esau despised the birthright.